TL; DR —Abaguzi b'amato bashaka amasilinda ya clutch master na silinda za slave zo gukoresha amakamyo aremereye na trailer bagomba kumva ko ibi bice bibiri bifatanye ariko bitandukanye mu buryo bw'imikorere - silinda nkuru ikora umuvuduko wa hydraulic uturutse ku gice cy'inyuma; silinda y'inyuma ihindura uwo muvuduko mo imbaraga za mechanical kugira ngo ikureho clutch. Ibipimo bitatu by'ingenzi mu kugura ibintu byinshi ni: guhuza ikigereranyo cya bore-stroke hagati ya master na slave (kutumvikana kwa mm 2 mu murambararo wa bore hindura imbaraga za clutch pedal ho 15-20%), guhuza uburebure bwa pushrod stroke n'icyitegererezo cyihariye cy'ikamyo (IVECO, MAN, DAF, cyangwa Volvo ikoresha uburebure butandukanye bwa stroke kuva kuri mm 25 kugeza kuri mm 42), no kugenzura nimero za OEM (silinda imwe ya IVECO clutch master itwara imibare 7 ihuza OE n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya nyuma). Iyi nkuru ikubiyemo ibyo nize mu gutanga ibice bya clutch hydraulic ku baguzi b'amato b'i Burayi n'Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba.

Abashinzwe kubungabunga amakamyo mu Burayi no mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya bakunze gusimbuza ibice by'amazi bya clutch mu byiciro - hagati ya 50 na 200 kuri buri komande - kugira ngo bakomeze kugira urwego rw'ibisigaye mu makamyo 20 kugeza 100. Ibice by'amazi bya clutch bikunze gutumizwa cyane ku makamyo aremereye (IVECO, MAN, DAF, Volvo, Scania, Mercedes-Benz) ni cylinder ya clutch master na cylinder ya clutch slave. Natangiye gutanga ibi bice binyuze mu ishami rya Fangjie ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa kuva mu 2003, kandi ikosa rikunze kugaragara ku baguzi b'amakamyo ni ugutumiza cylinder za master na cylinder za slave nk'aho zishobora guhindurwa - sibyo. Cylinder ya master na cylinder ya slave bivuye mu nganda zitandukanye cyangwa zifite ikigereranyo kidahuye cya bore-stroke bizatuma habaho kumva ko pedal idakwiye: iremereye cyane (umuvuduko wa pedal urenze kg 35 ku gukuraho clutch) cyangwa yoroheje cyane ariko ifite ingendo za clutch zidahagije (cylinder ntikuraho burundu, bigatuma ibikoresho bisya kuri buri simbura).

Iyi nkuru ivuga ku tandukaniro umuguzi w’imodoka agomba kugenzura mbere yo gutumiza imodoka nyinshi. Kugira ngo ubone ubwoko bwose bwa silinda za clutch master dukora, rebaurupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa bya clutch master silindaKu bijyanye n'icyitegererezo cyihariye cya IVECO, kimwe mu byo twasabye cyane, rebaUrupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa bya silinda nkuru ya IVECO.

Itandukaniro mu mikorere — Umwigisha arema igitutu, umugaragu akagihindura

Silindari ya clutch master na silindari ya clutch slave ni ibice bibiri bitandukanye bya hydraulic bikora imirimo itandukanye. Silindari ya master ishyirwa ku ruhande rwa moteri rw'umuriro, ihujwe neza na lever ya clutch pedal. Iyo umushoferi akanda pedal ya clutch, pushrod iri muri silindari ya master isunika piston ya mbere imbere, ikayishyiramo amazi ya hydraulic (amazi ya feri cyangwa amavuta ya mineral, bitewe n'imiterere y'uwakoze ikamyo) inyuze mu muyoboro wa clutch ikayigeza kuri silindari ya slave. Silindari ya slave ishyirwa ku gasanduku k'igare, kandi iyo umuvuduko wa hydraulic winjiye muri silindari ya slave, isunika silindari ya slave ku gasanduku karekura clutch, gakuraho disiki ya clutch.

Umurambararo w'umurambararo wa silinda nkuru uhora ari munini kuruta umurambararo w'umurambararo wa silinda nkuru mu buryo buhuye neza - umurambararo wa silinda nkuru ubusanzwe uba hagati ya mm 20-26, naho umurambararo wa silinda nkuru ubusanzwe uba hagati ya mm 16-22. Igipimo cy'umurambararo (master bore ÷ slave bore) kigena uburyo hydraulic leverage ikoreshwa. Ku ikamyo ya DAF CF cyangwa XF, igipimo cy'umurambararo gikwiye ni hagati ya 1.25:1 na 1.35:1. Ku ikamyo ya IVECO Stralis cyangwa S-Way, igipimo gikwiye ni hagati ya 1.15:1 na 1.25:1. Umuguzi w'imodoka ya fleet yatumije silinda nkuru ifite umurambararo wa mm 24 n'umurambararo wa silinda nkuru ifite umurambararo wa mm 18 (igipimo cya 1.33:1) kuri IVECO S-Way isaba igipimo cya 1.20:1 izakora pedal yumva iremereye 18% kurusha OE - abashoferi b'imodoka bazavuga ko bananiwe amaguru mu nzira ndende.

Guhuza Bore-Stroke — Igipimo kimwe cy'ingenzi cyane

Uruvange rw'imirongo n'imirongo bigomba kwemezwa kuri silinda ya master na silinda y'ingamiya mbere yuko hashyirwaho itegeko ry'umubyimba munini. Intera ya silinda ya master ni intera piston inyura mu mwobo wa silinda ya master iyo pedal ya clutch igabanutse neza - ubusanzwe ni mm 25-42 ku ikamyo nini. Intera ya silinda ya slave ni intera piston ya slave inyuramo kugira ngo isunike iforogo yo gusohora clutch - ubusanzwe ni mm 12-20. Inzira y'amazi ya silinda ya master (agace ka bore × stroke) igomba kungana cyangwa kurenza gato ibisabwa na silinda ya slave.

Nakoze amabwiriza y’itsinda ry’abacuruza imodoka zo mu Burayi watumije amasilinda 200 ya clutch master afite umuvuduko wa mm 22 × 30 mm, ahujwe n’amasilinda 200 ya slave afite umuvuduko wa mm 18 × 16 mm. Ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru ryari π × (11 mm)² × 30 mm = 11.404 mm³. Ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru ryari π × (9 mm)² × 16 mm = 4.072 mm³. Ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru ryari inshuro 2.8 z’ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru - iki gipimo cyari mu rugero rwemewe (2.5:1 kugeza 3.5:1) ku gipimo cy’ikamyo, kandi itsinda ryemejwe nyuma yo gupima imodoka y’icyitegererezo. Itegeko nkoresha: ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru rigomba kuba inshuro 2.8–3.2 z’ihererekanya rya silinda nkuru ku gikoresho gihuye neza kuri sisitemu ya clutch y’ikamyo nini ifite hydraulic release bearing, n’inshuro 2.0–2.5 z’igikoresho gifite iforogo ya clutch. Inganda zikora amasilinda zo mu Burayi nka OEM clutch nkaFTE Automotivekoresha imibare isa n'iy'igipimo cya bore-stroke mu bipimo byabo by'ubuhanga mu gupima ibicuruzwa.

Imiterere ya Pushrod na Mounting — Si Clutch Master Cylinders zose zimeze kimwe

Imiterere ya silinda ndende ya clutch iratandukanye hagati y’abakora amakamyo. Silinda ndende ya IVECO ikoresha umuhuza wa pushrod wo mu bwoko bwa U ufite umurambararo wa pin ya mm 10 n’uburebure bwa pin ya mm 45 kuva hagati ya pin kugera kuri piston. Silinda ndende ya DAF ikoresha umuhuza wa fork wo mu bwoko bwa Y ufite pin ya mm 12 n’umuhuza wa mm 55. Silinda ndende ya Volvo ikoresha umuhuza ugororotse ufite nut ya M8 ikoze mu ikoranabuhanga. Iri tandukaniro bivuze ko silinda ndende yagenewe DAF CF idashobora guhindurwa n’igice cya IVECO Stralis, nubwo umurambararo wa bore n’umurongo wa stroke ari bimwe. Umuguzi w’imodoka agomba kugenzura ubwoko bwa pushrod, umurambararo wa pin, n’uburebure rusange kuva ku ruhande rw’umurambararo kugeza hagati ya pushrod, bipimwe muri milimetero.

Imiterere y'amaboliti yo gushyiraho nayo iratandukanye: IVECO ikoresha amaboliti abiri ya M8 ku ntera ya mm 52 hagati; DAF ikoresha amaboliti abiri ya M10 ku ntera ya mm 60 hagati; MAN ikoresha amaboliti atatu ya M8 ku ntera ya mpandeshatu ya mm 56. Silindari nini ifite imiterere ya boliti yo gushyiraho iri ku ntera ya mm 4 uvuye ku mwobo w'ikamyo ntishobora gushyirwaho hatabayeho gucukura imyobo mishya - ibyo ntibyemewe ku iduka rishinzwe kubungabunga imodoka rikeneye ko ikamyo isubira gukora mu masaha 2.

Ubwoko bw'amazi buhuye — Amazi ya feri ugereranije n'amavuta y'ubutare

Sisitemu ya hydraulic ya clutch mu makamyo aremereye ikoresha amavuta asanzwe ya feri (DOT 3, DOT 4, cyangwa DOT 5.1) cyangwa amavuta ya mineral (ubusanzwe Shell Tellus cyangwa angana nayo, yagenwe n'uruganda rw'ikamyo). Ibikoresho byo gufunga muri silinda nkuru na silinda y'ingagi biratandukanye kuri buri bwoko bw'amazi. Sisitemu ya feri ikoresha imiringoti ya EPDM rubber; sisitemu ya mineral oil ikoresha imiringoti ya NBR (nitrile rubber). Umuguzi w'imodoka ushyira silinda nkuru ifite imiringoti ya EPDM muri sisitemu ya clutch ikoresha amavuta ya mineral azabona imiringoti ibyimbye kandi inanirwa mu masaha 200, bigatuma clutch pedal ijya hasi nta gitutu cya hydraulic. Ubwoko bw'amazi bukunze kugaragara ku gapfundikizo ka silinda nkuru - DOT 3/4/5.1 ku mazi ya feri, cyangwa ikimenyetso cy'amavuta ya mineral. Silinda nkuru isimbura iyindi igomba kugaragaza ibikoresho byo gufunga bikwiye. Muri Fangjie, buri bwoko bwa silinda nkuru ya clutch buboneka mu bwoko bwa EPDM na NBR seal, kandi umuguzi w'imodoka agomba kugaragaza ibikoresho byo gufunga mu gihe cyo gutumiza.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'ibiciro by'imodoka ku baguzi b'imodoka

Imiterere y'Ikosa ry'Ibipfuko - Icyo Inyandiko y'Inzu Igaragaza

Mu bunararibonye bwanjye bwo gusuzuma inyandiko zo kubungabunga indege mu bihugu by’i Burayi n’Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba, imiterere y’ikosa rya clutch master cylinder seal igaragaza niba ubwiza bw’igice buhagije cyangwa niba impamvu nyamukuru ari urwego rwa sisitemu. Ikosa rya seal riba hagati ya kilometero 300.000 na kilometero 500.000 kandi rikagaragara nk’amazi amanuka ava mu nkweto ya silinda ya master cylinder pushrod (inkweto yuzuyemo amazi hanyuma amazi agasohoka agahumana ku rukuta rw’umuriro) ni imiterere isanzwe yo gusaza - seal ya EPDM cyangwa NBR iba igeze ku iherezo ry’ubuzima bwayo kandi silinda ya master cylinder igomba gusimburwa. Ikosa rya seal riba mbere ya kilometero 150.000 kandi rikagaragara nk’igihombo gitunguranye cy’umuvuduko wa pedal nta gusohoka kugaragara inyuma ni uguhitana kwa seal imbere - seal ya mbere iba yananiwe ku cyambu cya bypass, kandi amazi agenda azenguruka mu mwobo wa silinda ya master cylinder nta gitutu atanze. Iyi miterere igaragaza inenge yo mu nganda (umunwa w'icyuma wangiritse mu gihe cyo guteranya - impande y'icyuma cyacitse ya mm 0.2 irahagije kugira ngo itere gukubita ku gitutu cy'amashanyarazi cya bar 20) cyangwa ikibazo cy'ubwandu (umukungugu wa silica uva muri sisitemu ya clutch winjiye mu mazi ya hydraulic maze ugakuraho umunwa w'icyuma).

Indi miterere ya gatatu mbona mu turere dushyuha (Tayilande, Indoneziya, Viyetinamu) ni ukunanirwa kw'ibumba riterwa n'ingufu. Ibumba rinini rya silinda rikoresha clutch ryinjira mu ibumba rinyuze mu ibumba ririnda ibumba ubushuhe n'umuyoboro wo mu muhanda. Iyo ibumba rinini ryangiritse cyangwa ribuze, amazi y'imvura ava mu ipine (silinda rinini rishyirwa hasi kuri zimwe mu modoka) yinjira mu ibumba rigatuma ubuso bw'ibumba rya aluminiyumu bugwa. Ibikoresho bya corruption (aluminium oxyde, ikomeye kandi itera ubukana) bishyirwa mu munwa w'ibumba rya EPDM bigatuma ibumba rigwa mu masaha 50 uhereye igihe amazi yinjiye bwa mbere. Igisubizo ni ugusimbuza ibumba rinini buri silinda rinini - ibumba rigura /usr/bin/bash.30–/usr/bin/bash.50 mu gihe cy'itangwa rya silinda rinini kandi byongera iminota 20 ku gikorwa cyo gushyiraho. Ndasaba abaguzi b'imodoka gutumiza ibumba rinini kuri buri silinda rinini, cyane cyane ku makamyo akorera ahantu hatose.Ubuyobozi bwo kubungabunga ibyuma bya Heavy Duty Journalikubiyemo inama z'igihe cyo kugenzura zijyanye n'imiterere y'imyenda tubona mu murima.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa