TL; DR —Abacuruzi b’imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa EU batanga feri zo mu cyiciro cya mbere basaba ko igice cyose cya feri gikomoka hanze y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi gifite icyemezo cya ECE R13 cyemewe. ECE R13 ikubiyemo ibisabwa mu kwemerera ubwoko bwa feri ku binyabiziga byo mu karere ka UNECE, harimo feri zikoresha umwuka, feri zikoresha solenoid, na feri zikoreshwa muri feri zikoresha terefone. Uburyo bwo kwemerera busaba ko uruganda rukora isuzuma ry’ibikoresho (ikizamini cya ISO 9227 cy’umunyu utagira aho ubogamiye - amasaha 480 byibuze ku bice bya feri bikoresha umwuka), isuzuma ry’imikorere (igihe cyo gusubiza kiri munsi y’amasegonda 0.4 kuri feri ikoresha solenoid kuri bar 8.5), no kugenzura imikorere y’ibikoresho (COP) aho bikorerwa na serivisi ya tekiniki yemewe na UNECE. Valve y’feri idafite icyemezo cya ECE R13 cyemewe ntiyemewe n’amategeko kuyishyira kuri feri yanditswe bwa mbere mu bihugu bigize EU cyangwa EEA. Iyi ngingo ikubiyemo ibisabwa mu kwemerera, inzira yo gupima, n’ibyo nize mu isuzuma rya ECE R13 ku firime zikoresha solenoid na feri Fangjie ageza ku bakora feri zo mu Burayi.

Inganda zikora amakamyo yo mu Burayi zikorera mu Budage (Schmitz Cargobull, Kögel), Polonye (Wielton), na Holandi (Burgers, Broshuis). Izi sosiyete zikora amakamyo zigera ku 200.000 ziteranya amakamyo mato, amakamyo yo hagati, na makamyo yihariye buri mwaka ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Buri gice cy’amakamyo gishyirwa kuri kamyo — kuva kuri kamyo nini ya feri kugeza kuri kamyo ntoya ya solenoid — kigomba kuba gifite icyemezo cya ECE R13 kugira ngo kibe cyemewe n’amategeko yo gukoresha ku makamyo yanditswe mu bihugu 56 byagiranye amasezerano na UNECE, harimo n’ibihugu 27 byose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Kamyo ya OEM itumiza amakamyo yo gufunga feri iturutse mu ruganda rw’Abashinwa rudafite icyemezo cya ECE R13 iri gushyira mu kaga ko kwandikwa — kamyo ntishobora kwandikwa kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu muhanda kugeza igihe ibice bya feri bisimbujwe ibingana nabyo byemewe.

Namaze igihe ngenzura inzira yo kwemeza ibicuruzwa bya Fangjie bya feri kuva mu 2018 kandi natsinze isuzuma rya ECE R13 ku mashini zitwara feri, mashini zitwara feri, n'ibyuma bitwara feri. Iyi nkuru ivuga ku byo sosiyete zitwara feri zo mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi zigomba kugenzura mu gihe zishaka mashini zitwara feri mu Bushinwa. Ku bijyanye n’ubwoko bw’ibikoresho byacu bya feri, reba kuriurupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa bya valve ya feriUrugero runaka,Valve ya solenoid ya 1518103ni imwe muri moderi zacu zemejwe na ECE R13.

Ibyo ECE R13 isobanura — Isuzumabumenyi n'ibizamini by'ingenzi

ECE R13 ni itegeko rya UNECE rigenga ingingo zimwe zerekeye kwemezwa kw'ibinyabiziga bijyanye no gufunga feri. Iri tegeko rireba sisitemu yose ya feri y'ikinyabiziga, ariko iyo ikoreshejwe ku cyemezo cy'urwego rw'ibice (nk'"ishami rya tekiniki ritandukanye"), isaba ko uruganda rwa feri rukora feri rugaragaza ko rwujuje ibisabwa mu mikorere. Ibizamini bitanu by'ingenzi ku gice cya feri ya feri ya pneumatic muri ECE R13 ni ibi bikurikira:

Valve ya feri itsinze ibizamini bitanu byose ihabwa icyemezo cyo kwemererwa na ECE R13 gitangwa na serivisi ya tekiniki yemewe na UNECE. Nimero yo kwemererwa ishyirwaho kashe cyangwa ishushanyijeho laser ku mubiri wa valve (uruziga rufite inyuguti "E" ikurikiwe na nimero y'igihugu - urugero, E9 kuri Esipanye - na nimero yo kwemererwa). Icyemezo gikora ku bikoresho byose byujuje igishushanyo mbonera cyemewe kandi bikorerwa mu buryo bumwe bw'ubuziranenge.

Uburyo bwo Kwemeza - Icyo Umucuruzi w'Umushinwa Agomba Kurangiza

Uburyo bwo kwemeza ECE R13 ku ruganda rukora valve y'iferi rw'Abashinwa bukurikiza urukurikirane rw'ibice bitatu. Icyiciro cya 1: igenzura ry'ibanze ry'uruganda rikorwa na serivisi ya tekiniki. Serivisi ya tekiniki yemewe na UNECE (nk'iyiTÜV Rheinland, DEKRA, cyangwa IDIADA) yohereza umugenzuzi ku ruganda rukora mu Bushinwa. Umugenzuzi asuzuma sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge (ISO 9001 cyangwa IATF 16949), ibyemezo by'ibizamini by'ibikoresho, inyandiko zo gupima ibikoresho byo gukora, na sisitemu yo gukurikirana. Iri genzura ritwara $3.000–5.000 kandi rikamara iminsi 2 rikorerwa aho rikorera.

Icyiciro cya 2: isuzuma ry'icyitegererezo muri laboratwari ya serivisi ya tekiniki. Uruganda rwohereza ingero 12 z'icyitegererezo cya valve ya feri kugira ngo byemezwe muri laboratwari. Ingero zigomba kuba zikomoka ku ikorwa risanzwe - ingero z'icyitegererezo zakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo kugenzura ubushobozi ntizemerwa. Laboratwari isuzuma ingero hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitanu biri mu mbonerahamwe iri hejuru. Igiciro cyo gupima icyitegererezo kimwe cya valve ya solenoid ni $8.000–15.000, bitewe n'umubare w'ibizamini bikenewe n'igiciro cya laboratwari ku isaha. Serivisi za tekiniki nkaATIC itanga serivisi zo kwemeza feri ya ECE R13 no gukoresha terelibikubiyemo inzira yose yo gusaba icyemezo ku nganda zo mu Bushinwa. Ikizamini kimara amezi 3-4 kuri moderi itsinda ibizamini byose ku ikubitiro - igihe kirekire iyo ikizamini cyatsinzwe gisaba guhindura imiterere no kongera gusuzuma.

Icyiciro cya 3: igenzura ry’uburyo ibintu bikorerwa (COP). Nyuma yo kwemererwa ubwoko bw’ibikoresho, serivisi ya tekiniki ikora igenzura rya COP buri mezi 12-24 kugira ngo irebe ko ibikoresho bikorerwamo bikomeje kuzuza imiterere n’ubuziranenge byemewe. Igenzura rya COP rireba kimwe n’igenzura rya mbere, hamwe n’igenzura ry’inyandiko z’ibikorwa kugira ngo hemezwe ko nta mpinduka z’imiterere y’ibikoresho zitemewe zakozwe. Igiciro cy’igenzura rya COP buri mwaka ni $2,000–4,000 kuri buri igenzura. Muri Fangjie, twakomeje icyemezo cyacu cya ECE R13 ku bikoresho bya solenoid na valvu zo gutwara kuva mu 2019, hamwe n’igenzura rya COP rya buri mwaka ryakozwe nta ngingo zikomeye zakozwe mu igenzura rya 5 ryikurikiranye.

Guhuza ABS/EBS — Icyuho gihuriweho mu nyandiko

Abakora mu byuma bitwara abagenzi b’i Burayi (EU) barushaho kugaragaza EBS (Sisitemu ya Feri igenzurwa n’amashanyarazi) cyangwa nibura ABS (Sisitemu ya Feri irinda gufunga) kuri za terefone nshya. Sisitemu ya EBS ikoresha za solenoid valves nk'uburyo bwo guhindura umuvuduko w’umuvuduko — EBS ECU itanga ikimenyetso kuri vali ya solenoid kugira ngo yongere, ifate, cyangwa igabanye umuvuduko w’iferi muri buri cyumba cya feri ukwayo mu gihe cyo gufunga. Vali ya solenoid ikoreshwa muri EBS ntigomba gutsinda gusa ibizamini bya ECE R13 pneumatic ahubwo igomba no gutsinda ikizamini cya electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) kuri ECE R10 — vali ntigomba gutanga interference ya electromagnetic irenze urugero kandi ntigomba gukora nabi iyo ihuye n’imiraba ya electromagnetic igera kuri 30 V/m mu ntera ya 20 MHz kugeza 1.000 MHz.

Icyuho cy’inyandiko mbona cyane mu batanga valve zo mu Bushinwa bavuga ko ECE R13 yujuje ibisabwa ni uko bafite icyemezo cy’uko umwuka uhagaze (ibizamini bya corruption, leakage, na endurance) ariko badafite inyandiko z’uko ECE R10 EMC yujuje ibisabwa ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi wa valve zo mu bwoko bwa solenoid. Valve ya solenoid yemejwe na ECE R13 ariko itari iya R10 ntishobora kugurishwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko nk’imvange y’umuvuduko wa EBS kuri trailer ya EU - inyandiko z’uko trailer ya OEM yujuje ibisabwa (kuri EU Whole Vehicle Type Approval cyangwa WVTA) isaba icyemezo cya ECE R10 ku gice icyo ari cyo cyose cya feri igenzurwa n’ikoranabuhanga. Igisubizo ni ugusaba ipaki yuzuye y’icyemezo (R13 + R10) ku mutanga mbere yo gutanga commande. Muri Fangjie, ibyemezo byombi biri mu nyandiko zacu z’uko valve zo mu bwoko bwa solenoid zujuje ibisabwa.

Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'abatanga serivisi ku masosiyete y'ubucuruzi ya EU Trailer OEMs

Kugira ngo ubone ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa bya feri na solenoid valves dutanga hamwe n'icyemezo cya ECE R13, reba kuriurupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa bya valve ya feriKu bice by'isi y'umwuka birenga vali,urupapuro rw'ibicuruzwa byo mu cyumba cy'amaferiIfite icyumba cy'impeshyi cy'iferi n'icyumba cy'impeshyi cy'imashini zikora feri zuzuza sisitemu y'iferi y'umwuka ya tereli.

ECE R13 na ISO 9001 Quality Interface — Inyandiko zisabwa n'igenzura

Igenzura rya ECE R13 COP n'igenzura rya ISO 9001 rireba ibintu bitandukanye ariko ntabwo bisa. Umugenzuzi wa COP yibanda ku murongo w'imikorere ya valve ya feri - ntabwo ari uruganda rwose. Inyandiko umugenzuzi wa COP asuzuma ni izi: imbonerahamwe y'imikorere y'imikorere ya valve ya feri (igomba kwerekana buri gice cy'amateraniro n'aho igenzurwa), inyandiko zo gupima igikoresho cya torque kuri vis za valve ya solenoid (vis za solenoid zigomba gukosorwa kugeza kuri 8±0.5 Nm, kandi torque igomba gupimwa buri mezi 3 hamwe n'icyemezo cyo gupima gikurikiranwa ku gipimo cy'igihugu), inyandiko z'ibizamini by'imikorere kuri buri valve yakozwe (aho igeragezwa rigomba kwandika igihe cyo gusubiza, aho amazi yavuye, n'ubudahangarwa bw'imizingo kuri buri gice, kandi inyandiko zigomba kubikwa imyaka 10 hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ECE R13), n'inyandiko yo kugenzura ibikoresho idahuye - valve iyo ari yo yose yananiwe ikizamini cy'imikorere igomba gutandukanywa, impamvu y'ikosa igasesengurwa, kandi hagakorwa inyandiko ku gikorwa cyo gukosora.

Muri Fangjie, dufite dosiye yihariye y’ubuziranenge ku murongo w’ikorwa rya ECE R13 udafite aho uhuriye n’uburyo bwose bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bwa ISO 9001. Igitabo cy’ubuziranenge cya ECE R13 cyerekana buri kizamini cyo gupima umuvuduko, buri kizamini cy’icyitegererezo cy’umuvuduko, na buri cyavuye mu igenzura rya COP. Umugenzuzi wa ISO 9001 asuzuma QMS yose ariko ntagenzura inyandiko zihariye za ECE R13 - kandi ku rundi ruhande, umugenzuzi wa COP asuzuma inyandiko za ECE R13 gusa. Ndasaba ko ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya EU bya trela byasaba umucuruzi wabo w’Abashinwa igice cya raporo y’igenzura rya COP iheruka ikubiyemo umurongo w’ikorwa rya solenoid valve, cyane cyane igice cyo kudakurikiza amategeko - nta bintu bikomeye bidafite aho bihuriye n’amategeko kandi ntarenze ibintu bibiri bito bidafite aho bihuriye n’amabwiriza mu igenzura rya COP riheruka ni cyo gipimo nkoresha ku manota y’abatanga serivisi ba Fangjie ku bacuruzi bacu b’ibice bikuru.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa