Impamvu icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 ari ngombwa mu guhitamo abatanga feri zo gupima feri

Intangiriro: Ingaruka Zihishe mu kugura Caliper ya Feri

Iyo abayobozi b'imodoka cyangwa abashinzwe amasoko bahisemo abatanga caliper ya feri, akenshi bibanda ku giciro, igihe cyo kwishyura, no guhuza n'imodoka runaka. Ariko, hari ikintu kimwe gifite uburemere kurusha ibindi byose hamwe: niba utanga serivisi afite icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949. Iri hame - ishingiro ry'imicungire myiza mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa by'imodoka - si icyemezo cyiza cyo kugira.caliper ya feriInganda zikora imodoka zikora ku ishami ry’ibinyabiziga by’ubucuruzi, ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi gitandukanya umusaruro wizewe n’uburangare buteje akaga. Nk’uko Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Umutekano mu Mihanda (NHTSA) kibitangaza, kwangirika kwa sisitemu y’amaferi bituma hafi 22% by’impanuka zose z’amakamyo manini muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bigatuma ubuziranenge bw’abatanga imodoka buba ikibazo cy’umutekano rusange.

Utwuma dupima feri ni ibintu by'ingenzi cyane mu gutwara imizigo, kandi ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu mutekano. Inenge imwe - ubwiyongere bw'ingufu mu gikoresho gikozwe mu cyuma, imashini idakoze neza, cyangwa agapfunyika ka piston kadafite ireme - bishobora gutuma feri inanirwa burundu ku muvuduko wo mu muhanda. Icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 gikemura buri gikorwa gishobora guteza inenge nk'izo, kuva ku isuzuma ry'ibikoresho fatizo bije kugeza ku igeragezwa rya nyuma ryo guteranya. Abatanga serivisi barenga iki cyemezo bagabanya imiterere y'ingufu mu gihe habayeho akaga gakomeye: inzira yo gukora ubwayo.

Icyo ISO/TS 16949 ipima mu by'ukuri - n'impamvu ari ingenzi kuri Calipers za Feri

ISO/TS 16949 ni imiterere ya tekiniki ya ISO ihuza ibisabwa mu gucunga ubuziranenge bw'imodoka mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi. Yatangijwe ku bufatanye n'Itsinda ry'Ibikorwa by'Uruganda rw'Imodoka (AIAG), ihuza amahame shingiro ya ISO 9001 n'amashami yihariye akemura ibibazo byihariye byo gukora imodoka. Ku mucuruzi utunganya feri, kwandikisha ISO/TS 16949 bivuze ko ikigo gifite inzira zanditse kandi zishobora gusubirwamo kuri buri ntambwe y'ingenzi mu musaruro.

Iri hame rikubiyemo ibice bitandatu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bwa feri. Ubwa mbere, Imbonerahamwe z'Imikorere (P-FMEAs) zigaragaza uburyo bwose bushobora gutsindwa mu cyiciro cyo gukata, gukora, guteranya, no gupima. Icya kabiri, Gahunda zo Kugenzura zigena ahantu nyaho ho kugenzura, uburyo bwo gupima, na gahunda zo gusubiza kuri buri ngaruka zagaragaye. Icya gatatu, Igenzura ry'Imikorere y'Ibarurishamibare (SPC) rikurikirana ibipimo by'ingenzi - umurambararo wa piston bore, uburebure bwa seal groove, n'ubugari bw'aho umuntu atuye - mu gihe nyacyo. Icya kane, Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge ryinjira (IQI) rigenzura ko ibikoresho byujuje ibisabwa ari byo byonyine byinjira mu musaruro. Icya gatanu, Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge rihamya ko ibipimo byose n'ibikoresho byo gupima bisomwa neza. Icya gatandatu, Sisitemu zo Gukurikirana zihuza buri caliper irangiye n'igice cyihariye cy'ibikoresho fatizo, igikoresho cy'imashini, n'impinduka y'umukoresha yabikoze.

Amasomo y'ingenzi ya ISO/TS 16949 akoreshwa mu gukora feri za Caliper:

Igiciro nyacyo cyo gusimbuka ISO/TS 16949 mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya feri

Guhitamo umucuruzi udafite ibyangombwa bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura mbere ho 15% kugeza kuri 25%, nk'uko bigaragara mu nganda. Uko kuzigama kugaragara kurashira iyo habayeho ikibazo kimwe cy’ubuziranenge. Umucuruzi udafite serivisi utera ibiciro byinshi ishami rishinzwe gutanga amasoko ridashobora kwakira bucece: kwangirika no gukurura mu muhanda, imirimo yo gusana byihutirwa, igihe imodoka idakora iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, gutinda kw'imizigo bigahanishwa amasezerano, gutanga ubwishingizi, ndetse no kuburana ikirego cy’ubwishingizi. Igiciro mpuzandengo cy’ihungabana ry’umuhanda w’ikamyo imwe y’ubucuruzi muri Amerika ya Ruguru, harimo n’amafaranga yatakaye n’andi, gibarirwa hagati ya USD 1,200 na USD 2,800 kuri buri kibazo, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bw’inganda zicunga ubwikorezi. Gabanya ibyo ukurikije ingano y’imodoka zisanzwe z’ubucuruzi - hamwe n’imibare idashobora kwirindwa y’ibyangiritse bivuye ku ruhererekane rw’ibikoresho bidafite ibyangombwa - kandi ubukungu bugaragara neza.

Umwanzuro w'ingenzi: Icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 si ikiguzi. Ni ubwishingizi ku ngaruka zose z'imari n'amategeko zo gucika kwa feri biturutse mu ruganda, ntabwo ari umuhanda.

Uretse igihombo cy’amafaranga kitaziguye, abatanga ibicuruzwa badafite ibyangombwa bashyira abaguzi mu kaga ko kugenzura no gutanga inshingano. Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ibice by’imodoka bigomba kubahiriza amabwiriza ya UNECE 13-H yerekeye feri, agaragaza iyubahirizwa ry’uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Itegeko ry’Umutekano w’Ibinyabiziga rihana abatumiza n’abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga inshingano zikomeye ku nenge ziri mu bice bashyira ku isoko. Umutanga ibicuruzwa udashobora kwerekana icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 ntashobora kwerekana ko hari inzira zikwiye z’ubuziranenge - ikintu gishyira inshingano ku bitugu by’umuguzi.

Ingaruka ziteganijwe ku giciro: Ifite icyemezo cy’uko feri ikoresha caliper idafite icyemezo ugereranije n’idafite icyemezo cy’uko ikoreshwa

Uburyo ISO/TS 16949 yubaka uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'ubucuruzi ruhoraho kandi ruhamye

Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ruhamye gusa nk'uko inzira zirugenga zibigenza. ISO/TS 16949 ishyiraho urwego rw'imikorere rwemerera abagura feri gupima ibyo zigura bafite icyizere, bazi ko buri gicuruzwa cyose giturutse ku mucuruzi wemewe kizuzuza ibisabwa nk'ibya nyuma. Uku guhindagurika ni ingenzi cyane mu gice cy'ibinyabiziga by'ubucuruzi, aho ibice bya feri bikora mu bihe bikomeye - guhagarara cyane ku misozi miremire, guhagarara igihe kirekire ku buremere ntarengwa bw'ibinyabiziga, no guhura n'umunyu wo mu muhanda, ubushuhe, n'ubushyuhe.

Ihame ry’ingenzi ku ivugurura rihoraho (CI) — itegeko ry’ingenzi rya ISO/TS 16949 — bivuze ko abatanga caliper bemewe badakomeza gusa kugira ubuziranenge ku rwego ruhamye. Bagabanya cyane umubare w’ibisembwa uko igihe kigenda gihita, bakoresheje amakuru ava ku mbonerahamwe za SPC, ibirego by’abakiriya, ibirego by’ingwate, na raporo z’imikorere y’aho bakorera. Abatanga serivisi bemewe bagenzura buri myaka ibiri n’inzego zigenga zitanga impamyabushobozi, bivuze ko umuntu wa gatatu ahora agenzura ko sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge ikomeje gukora kandi ikora neza. Abatanga serivisi batari ababifitiye uburenganzira nta genzura ryo hanze bafite niba ibikorwa byabo byarangiritse kuva igihe baherukaga kohereza.

Ku bakoresha ubwikorezi bw'amato n'abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa byubaka ingamba zo gutanga amasoko mu gihe cy'imyaka myinshi, icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 nacyo cyoroshya igenzura ry'abatanga ibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bashobora kureba ibyavuye mu igenzura ry'umutanga serivisi wemewe n'amategeko n'igenamigambi ryo kugenzura aho gukora igenzura ryuzuye ry'ubuziranenge kuva ku ntangiriro. Ibi bigabanya ikiguzi cyose cyo gucunga abatanga ibicuruzwa kandi bigatuma amakipe atanga amasoko yibanda ku batanga serivisi bafite agaciro gake.

Guhagarara k'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa: Uburyo icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 kirinda buri mufatanyabikorwa

Uburyo bwo kwemeza icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 cy'umutanga feri upima feri

Gusaba icyemezo ni intambwe ya mbere, ariko icyemezo cy’impimbano n’icyarangiye ni ibibazo bikomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. Amatsinda ashinzwe amasoko agomba kugenzura icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 binyuze mu bubiko mpuzamahanga bw’itsinda rishinzwe imodoka (IATF) cyangwa binyuze mu kigo gitanga icyemezo. Icyemezo cyemewe kizagaragaza izina ry’ikigo cyemewe n’amategeko, aho icyemezo gikwiye gushyirwa (hagomba kuba harimo gukora feri cyangwa ibice by’imodoka z’ubucuruzi), inomero y’icyemezo, itariki cyo gutanga n’itariki ntarengwa yo kurangira, hamwe n’urwego rushinzwe kwemeza icyemezo.

Uretse icyemezo ubwacyo, abaguzi bagomba gusaba gahunda yo kugenzura y'umutanga serivisi n'inyandiko za FMEA ku bijyanye na nimero y'igice cya feri kirimo gusuzumwa. Izi nyandiko zigaragaza niba umutanga serivisi yaratekereje ku buryo bwo gucika intege budasanzwe kuri sisitemu ya feri ya disiki - ibintu nk'ubushyuhe bushira bitewe no gufunga gukomeye kenshi, kwangirika kw'aho caliper ikorera mu gihe cy'itumba, hamwe n'ingufu z'umuvuduko wa silinda y'ubutare iri mu gice cya caliper. Umutanga serivisi udashobora gukora FMEA yizewe ku murongo wa caliper ya feri ntakoze akazi k'ubuhanga nk'uko ISO/TS 16949 isaba.

Abashaka kugura bagomba kandi gusaba itegeko ry’igerageza mbere yo kwiyemeza kugura ibintu byose. Umucuruzi wemewe asanzwe yemera itegeko ry’ingero ry’ibice 10 kugeza kuri 50 kugira ngo agenzure neza, apime icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukanda kugeza ku mapine, kandi apime icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukanda kugeza ku mapine. Ibisubizo by’ibi bizamini bitanga ibimenyetso bifatika by’ubuziranenge - ntabwo ari icyemezo cy’impapuro gusa.

Amahame y'inyongera buri muguzi wa feri ya Caliper agomba kumenya

ISO/TS 16949 ni yo ngingo y'ibanze y'ubuziranenge, ariko abagura caliper ya feri bagomba gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yayo n'amahame yuzuzanya agenga imikorere yihariye. IATF 16949, ivugururwa ryo mu 2016 ryasimbuye ISO/TS 16949, ni verisiyo igezweho inzego zitanga ibyemezo zitanga ubu. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi biracyahoraho, ariko IATF 16949 yashyizeho amabwiriza akomeye yo gucunga umutekano w'ibicuruzwa, agaragaza amasomo yakuye mu kwibutsa imodoka zikomeye mu myaka ya 2010. Abaguzi bagomba kwemeza niba uwabatanze ibicuruzwa yaramaze kwimukira kuri IATF 16949 cyangwa aracyakora hakurikijwe icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 mu gihe hagitegerejwe ko bihinduka.

Uretse sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge, imikorere ya caliper ya feri igengwa n'amahame ngenderwaho y'akarere. Mu rwego rw'ubukungu bw'i Burayi, Amabwiriza ya UNECE 13-H ashyiraho ibipimo ntarengwa by'imikorere ya sisitemu yo gufunga feri mu modoka zitwara abagenzi, mu gihe Amabwiriza ya 13 areba imodoka z'ubucuruzi zirenza toni 3.5. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, FMVSS 121 (Amabwiriza Ngenderwaho y'Umutekano w'Ibinyabiziga bya Leta 121) ashyiraho ibisabwa ku mikorere ya feri ku modoka z'ubucuruzi zikoresha feri mu kirere. Caliper iyo ari yo yose ya feri ishyizwe mu modoka igengwa na FMVSS 121 igomba gukurikiranwa n'inzira yo gukora igengwa na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge - kandi ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949 ni amahame inzego zigenzura n'ibigo by'ubwishingizi zemera ko yujuje ibyo bisabwa.

Urusobe rw'ibikoresho bya feri by'ubucuruzi rwagutse: Ikindi gikenewe ni icyemezo

Utwuma duto two gufunga feri ntabwo dukora ukwatwo. Sisitemu imwe yo gufunga feri y'imodoka y'ubucuruzi ishingiye ku gice cy'ibice bihujwe - buri kimwe muri byo kigomba guturuka ku mucuruzi ufite icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge gikwiye.Udupira twa feriibikoresho byo gukururana bigengwa n'ibipimo byabyo by'imikorere (nk'uburyo bwa WVA bwo kubara bukoreshwa mu Burayi bwose mu gushyira mu byiciro feri).Ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibintu birebirekomeza gushyira feri neza uko amapine asaza — iyo udafite ayo mapine, intera yo guhagarara igenda yiyongera nyuma ya buri gihe cyo guhagarara.Ibyumba byo gufunga feriguhindura umuvuduko w'umwuka mo imbaraga za mekanike zikoresha inkweto cyangwa udupira tw'ibyuma.Vali za Solenoidgucunga uburyo umwuka ukurikirana mu buryo bwo gufunga feri, kandi valve idakora neza ishobora gutuma feri idakora neza cyangwa igafunga feri burundu.Silindari za ferina silindiri z'amapine zikora ku ruhande rwa hydraulic rw'ikigereranyo cyo gufunga feri, cyane cyane mu miterere y'imodoka zishaje cyangwa zoroshye z'ubucuruzi.

Abaguzi bashishikajwe cyane na ISO/TS 16949 ku batanga feri zabo bagomba gukoresha uburyo bumwe mu byiciro byose by'ibice bya feri. Uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa aho buri mutanga feri afite icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949 ruramba cyane kurusha aho amahame y'ubuziranenge akoreshwa mu buryo budasobanutse. Igice kimwe kitujuje ubuziranenge - ndetse n'impeta ihendutse cyangwa impeta yo gufunga - gishobora kwangiza imikorere ya sisitemu yose yemewe yo gufunga.

Inama y'ingenzi: Kora politiki yo gutanga amasoko isaba icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949 nk'ishingiro ku batanga ibice by'ingenzi by'amaferi, harimo feri za pad, slack adjusters, feri za chambers, solenoid valves, na feri master cylinders.

Ibimenyetso Bidasanzwe: Uburyo bwo kumenya umucuruzi w'icyuma gitanga feri utagomba kwizerwa

Nubwo bafite icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949, abaguzi bagomba gukomeza kuba maso. Ibimenyetso bikurikira bigaragaza umucuruzi w’icyuma gipima feri ufite uburyo bwo gucunga ubuziranenge bushobora kuba budakora cyangwa budakora neza.

Ingingo zikurikira zigomba gutuma umuntu yemererwa guhita avanwa ku rutonde rw'abatanga serivisi:

1. Umutanga serivisi ntashobora kwerekana icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949 gitangwa n'ikigo cyemewe mu masaha 48 uhereye igihe abisabye.

2. Icyerekezo cy’icyemezo ntikivuga mu buryo bweruye ikorwa rya feri cyangwa ibice byayo by’ubucuruzi.

3. Umutanga serivisi yanze gusangira Gahunda ye yo kugenzura na FMEA ku nomero y'igice cyihariye kirimo kuganirwaho.

4. Isuzuma ry'icyitegererezo rigaragaza ingano cyangwa irangi ry'ubuso hanze y'umurongo w'ubwihangane wa OEM.

5. Umutanga serivisi nta buryo bwo gukurikirana ibintu afite — ntashobora kumenya imashini, ibikoresho byinshi, cyangwa shift y'umukoresha yakoze caliper yihariye.

6. Umutanga serivisi nta makuru afite yerekeye igeragezwa ry’ingufu ziterwa n’umunyu cyangwa ntashobora kugaragaza ko yujuje ibisabwa na FMVSS 121 cyangwa amabwiriza ya UNECE 13.

7. Ibiciro biri munsi cyane y’igipimo cy’isoko ku muryango w’igice - ikimenyetso cy’uko umucuruzi yagabanyije amanota y’ibikoresho cyangwa intambwe zo gukora kugira ngo agere ku giciro gito.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Ese ISO/TS 16949 iracyafite agaciro, cyangwa yasimbuwe na IATF 16949?

ISO/TS 16949 yasimbuwe ku mugaragaro na IATF 16949 mu 2016. Ubusanzwe ni IATF 16949:2016, yasohotse na IATF (International Automotive Task Force). Ariko, abatanga ibicuruzwa benshi baracyafite ibyemezo bya ISO/TS 16949 byatanzwe mbere y'itariki ntarengwa yo guhindura imikorere. Abaguzi bagomba gusuzuma itariki ntarengwa yo kurangiza icyemezo no kwemeza niba umutanga ibicuruzwa yatangiye cyangwa yararangije igenzura ry'impinduka rya IATF 16949.

Ese umutanga serivisi ashobora gutsinda igenzura rya ISO/TS 16949 nta bugenzuzi bwiza mu buryo bufatika afite?

Igenzura iryo ari ryo ryose ry’impamyabushobozi rishobora guteza ibyago byo kubahiriza amategeko mu buryo burenze urugero. Ariko, inzego zemewe zikora isuzuma ry’inyandiko ndetse n’isuzuma ry’aho uruganda rukorera. Igenzura ntiritunganye, niyo mpamvu abaguzi bagomba kongeramo icyemezo n’isuzuma ry’icyitegererezo cyabo ndetse no gusuzuma Gahunda yo kugenzura y’utanga serivisi n’inyandiko za FMEA. Icyemezo cya IATF 16949 cyangwa ISO/TS 16949 ni ngombwa ariko ntabwo gihagije kugira ngo umuntu yizere utanga caliper ya feri.

Ni ibihe bizamini byihariye ngomba gukora ku byuma bipima feri mbere yo gutumiza byose?

Nibura, saba igenzura ry’ibipimo ukurikije amabwiriza ya OEM, isuzuma ry’umuvuduko wa feri (gupima imbaraga zo gufunga ku muvuduko wa hydraulic), isuzuma ry’umunyu wo kwangirika (nibura amasaha 500 kuri ASTM B117 ni ibisanzwe ku bice by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi), no kugenzura ubuso bucukurwamo kugira ngo harebwe niba hari imyenge cyangwa impande zityaye zishobora kwangiza ibipfukisho mu gihe cyo gushyiraho.

Ese ISO/TS 16949 ireba ubwoko bwose bwa caliper ya feri, harimo caliper ya feri yo guparika inyuma na caliper ikoreshwa n'umwuka?

Ingano y'icyemezo cya ISO/TS 16949 cy'umutanga serivisi igomba kugaragaza neza ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya. Umutanga serivisi wemewe gukora caliper ya feri y'icyuma ashobora kutagira uburyo bumwe bwanditse ku ma caliper ya aluminiyumu cyangwa amatsinda ya caliper akoreshwa n'umwuka. Emeza neza ingano mbere yo kwemeza ko ubwishingizi bugera ku muryango ukeneye.

Ni gute ISO/TS 16949 ifasha mu gukurikirana neza feri mu gihe habayeho ikibazo cy'aho feri iherereye?

ISO/TS 16949 isaba uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukurikirana buri gice cyarangiye n'amateka y'umusaruro wacyo: ahantu ho gusiga ibikoresho, kumenya ibikoresho by'imashini, guhindura imikorere y'umukoresha, n'ibisubizo by'igenzura kuri buri ntambwe y'ingenzi. Iyo habayeho ikibazo mu murima, ubu buryo bwo gukurikirana butuma umucuruzi n'umuguzi bamenya vuba niba ikibazo cyashyizwe mu mwanya runaka w'umusaruro cyangwa ko ari ikibazo mu buryo bw'imikorere - bigatuma habaho kwimura ibintu mu buryo bugamije aho gusimbuza ubwikorezi bwose.

Ese abakora caliper ya feri bo mu Bushinwa bashobora kubona icyemezo cy’ukuri cya ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949?

Yego. Inganda nyinshi z’ibinyabiziga zo mu Bushinwa zifite icyemezo cya IATF 16949, cyemewe n’ibigo nka TUV, SGS, Bureau Veritas, na DEKRA, bikorera mu Bushinwa kandi bigatanga icyemezo cyemewe ku isi. Inganda z’Abashinwa zifite icyemezo cy’ukuri zirimo abatanga ibicuruzwa bikomeye mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa by’imodoka ku isi. Ariko, kimwe n’igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose zikomokamo, abaguzi bagomba kugenzura icyemezo binyuze muri database ya IATF no gukora isuzuma ryabo bwite ku bushobozi bwo gukora.

Ni ikihe giciro gisanzwe cy’igenzura rya ISO/TS 16949 cyangwa IATF 16949 ku ruganda rukora caliper ya feri, kandi se icyo giciro bigira ingaruka ku biciro by’igice?

Igiciro cy'igenzura ry'uruganda ruciriritse n'imashini zikora ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 8.000 na 20.000 by'amadolari y'Amerika ku mwaka, harimo n'igenzura ry'igenzura. Ku mucuruzi ukoresha feri nyinshi, iki giciro gikunze kwinjizwa mu nganda kandi kikaba kiri munsi ya 0.5% by'ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa bigurishijwe. Igiciro cy'igenzura ntikigomba kugira ingaruka ku biciro by'igice cy'ibicuruzwa - igiciro kinini gitangwa n'umucuruzi wemewe gishobora guterwa n'ibipimo by'ibikoresho byiza cyangwa ubuziranenge bw'imashini kuruta ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ubuziranenge.